Lab 3.2.5 Observing the Router Startup Process
Task 1: Observe and Examine the Router Startup ProcessStep 1: Connect and set up the routera. Referring to the topology diagram, connect the console (or rollover) cable to the console port on therouter and the other cable end to the host computer with a DB-9 or DB-25 adapter to the COM 1 port.Ensure that power has been applied to both the host computer and router.b. Establish a HyperTerminal or other terminal emulation program connection to the router.Step 2: Restart the router and observe the outputa. From the privileged EXEC prompt, issue the reload command. Confirm the reload when prompted.b. Observe the output as the router restarts.Output similar to this will be displayed.POST information:System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(13r)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupportCopyright (c) 2006 by cisco Systems, Inc.PLD version 0×10GIO ASIC version 0×127c1841 platform with 131072 Kbytes of main memoryMain memory is configured to 64 bit mode with parity disabledLocating and Loading information:Readonly ROMMON initializedprogram load complete, entry point: 0x8000f000, size: 0xcb80program load complete, entry point: 0x8000f000, size: 0xcb80program load complete, entry point: 0x8000f000, size: 0xd4a9a0Self decompressing the image :######################################################################################################################################### [OK]Smart Init is enabledsmart init is sizing iomemID MEMORY_REQ TYPE0X003AA110 public buffer pools0X00211000 public particle pools0X0013 0X00035000 Card in slot 00X000021B8 Onboard USBIf any of the above Memory Requirements are“UNKNOWN”, you may be using an unsupportedconfiguration or there is a software problem andsystem operation may be compromised.Allocating additional 7692243 bytes to IO Memory.PMem allocated: 117440512 bytes; IOMem allocated: 16777216 bytesRestricted Rights LegendUse, duplication, or disclosure by the Government issubject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph(c) of the Commercial Computer Software – RestrictedRights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and ComputerSoftware clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.cisco Systems, Inc.170 West Tasman DriveSan Jose, California 95134-1706Cisco IOS Software, 1841 Software (C1841-IPBASE-M), Version 12.4(1c),RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupportCopyright (c) 1986-2005 by Cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Tue 25-Oct-05 17:10 by evmillerImage text-base: 0x6007ECA0, data-base: 0×61480000Port Statistics for unclassified packets is not turned on.Cisco 1841 (revision 7.0) with 114688K/16384K bytes of memory.Processor board ID FTX1118X0BN2 FastEthernet interfaces2 Low-speed serial(sync/async) interfacesDRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity disabled.191K bytes of NVRAM.31360K bytes of ATA CompactFlash (Read/Write)Step 3: Examine the router startup outputThe startup process has three stages:a. Performing the POST and loading the bootstrap programExamine the output displayed. Look at the highlighted section in the sample output in this lab thatrelates to the POST. Mark any differences between your observed output and this sample.What are possible reasons for these differences?OS yang berbeda file, perangkat yang berbeda, dllWhat does the POST test in the router?HardwareIf the POST is successful, what is loaded into RAM?The bootstrap programWhat is the purpose of what is loaded into RAM?Locate the Cisco IOS and load it into RAMWhat would happen if the POST is unsuccessful, and what could this mean?IOS tidak akan memuat dan router tidak akan berjalanb. Locating and loading the IOS softwareExamine the displayed output. Look at the sample output in this lab that relates to the IOS loading.Mark any differences between your observed output and this sample.What are possible reasons for these differences?OS yang berbeda file, perangkat yang berbeda, dllWhat are the three possible locations of the IOS?Flash memory, TFTP server, lokasi yang ditentukan di file konfigurasi startup (lokasi jaringan)How is the IOS location to be used specified?Konfigurasi nilai registerThe confreg program is available to decode configuration register values. It can be downloaded fromAcademy Connection Tools. From Tools, select the CCNA Curriculum (not CCNA Discovery or CCNAExploration), and then select any v3.1 course. Click Cisco Configuration Register Decoder todownload the program.After it is installed and executed, the program displays the binary and hexadecimal values of theregister that set the different router startup sequences and console communications.What will be the result if an IOS image cannot be located and loaded?Modus ROMON dimasukkanc. Locating and executing the startup configuration file or entering setup modeExamine the displayed output. Look at the sample output in this lab that relates to the startupconfiguration loading. Mark any differences between your observed output and this sample.What are possible reasons for these differences?OS yang berbeda file, perangkat yang berbeda, dll.What is the output if the router does not have a configuration to load?— System Configuration Dialog —Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]:What is displayed if a startup configuration is loaded?User EXEC promptStep 4: Clean upErase the configurations and reload the router. Disconnect and store the cabling. For PC hosts that arenormally connected to other networks (such as the school LAN or to the Internet), delete the IOS image file from the TFTP directory, reconnect the appropriate cabling, and restore the TCP/IP settings.Task 2: Reflection / ChallengePrepare a troubleshooting checklist based on the router startup stages and the hardware and softwarefeatures associated with each stage. Format the checklist so that if it is noted that a stage was unsuccessful, the possible problems can be readily identified. For example, for “IOS not loaded” enter “ROMON prompt displayed.” Prepare a second checklist listing possible router faults or problems. For example, “no cooling fan sound,” “LEDs not illuminated or showing unusual behavior,” or “unexpected ROMON prompt displayed.” For each problem listed, enter the stage of the router startup process that failed.
Lab 3.3.2 Determining the Router Hardware OptionsTask 1: Inspect a Cisco 1841 ISRStep 1: Physically inspect the external features of the routerExamine the router. In the table below, identify and match each item number in the figure with the description. In addition, record the number of each interface and port on the router with the description.Is a module installed in Slot 0? NoHow many Fast Ethernet interfaces does the router have?2WIC-2T two serial interfacesIs a module installed in Slot 1?NoWhich of the modules and ports have the potential to be upgraded to improve the router’scapabilities?Slot 0 dan Slot 1, flash card slot
Step 2: Use IOS show commands to inspect the routera. Referring to the topology diagram, connect the console (or rollover) cable to the console port on therouter and the other cable end to the host computer with a DB-9 or DB-25 adapter to the COM 1 port.Ensure that power has been applied to both the host computer and router.b. Establish a HyperTerminal or other terminal emulation program connection to the router.c. From the privileged EXEC mode prompt of the terminal, issue show run and show flash:commands.Record the number and type of interfaces. Typical results are shown.interface FastEthernet 0/0interface FastEthernet 0/1interface Serial 0/0/0interface Serial 0/0/1interface VLAN1Record the details of the memory (DRAM, flash) modules.Flash 32 MBSDRAM 128 MBStep 3: Compare the physical and IOS inspectionsAre there any differences between the physical and IOS inspections?NoObserved differences could be due to the IOS having features implemented in the software that do not have the hardware module installed, or loopback interfaces may be configured.If an installed hardware interface does not appear in the configuration, it may be faulty or may not be correctly installed. In some cases, slots must be filled consecutively; in other cases, certain module types can only be installed into specified slots.Task 2: Examine 1841 Router Hardware OptionsAfter establishing the current hardware status of the router, examine the technical documentation todetermine the potential for upgrading and growth.Step 1: Access the Cisco.com documentationa. Go to the website http://www.cisco.com.b. In the Quick Links pane on the right, select Documentation.c. Under Select a category, click Routers. Under Select a product, click the Cisco 1800 SeriesIntegrated Services Routers link.d. Review the documentation links displayed.e. Under Product Literature, click the Data Sheets link. Note the range of data sheet documentationavailable.f. Click Cisco 1800 Series Integrated Services Routers: Cisco 1841 Router (Modular).Step 2: Record the router hardware informationa. Read through the Cisco 1800 Series Integrated Services Routers: Cisco 1841 Router (Modular)document, noting the structure and format of the information.b. From Table 1, Architecture Features and Benefits of Cisco 1841 Router, record the followinginformation:The number of different modules and interface cards that are supported: >30Default memory capacity:32 MB of flash and 128MB of synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM)Cisco IOS versions supported:12.3T, 12.4, 12.4TFeature Sets and Beyondc. From Table 5, Product Specifications of Cisco 1841 Router, locate and record the followingspecifications from the Architecture section.d. From the Table 6, Modules and Interface Cards the Cisco 1841 Router Supports, list the 10different categories of interface card (WIC) supported by the 1841 platform.e. From Table 6, what feature does the Advanced Integration Module (AIM) enable to be installed in an1841 router?VPN encryptionStep 3: Consider possible hardware optionsThe 1841 ISR has removable and interchangeable modules. Various optional modules can be installed in the router to provide specific capabilities. These modules are installed either by inserting them into slots on the chassis, or by opening the chassis and plugging them into connectors inside.Flash memory and interface cards fit into slots on the chassis and are installed and removed without opening the chassis.There are three types of interface cards for the 1800 series modular routers:- • WAN interface cards (WICs)
- • Voice WAN interface cards (VWICs – in data mode only on the Cisco 1841)
- • High-speed WAN interface cards (HWICs)
The following components plug into connectors inside the chassis and are installed and removed only byopening the chassis:- • Advanced Integration Module (AIM)
- • Synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) small-outline dual in-line memory module (SODIMM
Summarize the changes that are possible for this router. This information is important to have and consider when planning and designing the network upgrade.If the router is not at its limit of these features, candidates for upgrading could include:Flash memory (if larger IOS required)SDRAMSlot 1 Ethernet switch 4-port moduleSlot 1 WIC-2T – 2 serial interfacesSlot 1 Other WAN technology DSL/ISDNStep 4: Clean upErase any configurations and reload the router. Disconnect and store the cabling. For PC hosts that arenormally connected to other networks (such as the school LAN or to the Internet), reconnect the appropriate cabling and restore the TCP/IP settings.Task 3: ReflectionNetwork device capabilities are continuously developing. Consider the advantages of a modular platform over that of a device with a fixed hardware platform.Modularitas memfasilitasi kustomisasi perangkat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan jaringan lokal.
Peningkatan dan penggantian modul mengurangi biaya dan waktu dari layanan.
Perangkat Modular menyediakan desain jaringan yang fleksibel dan scalable.
Task 1: Observe and Examine the Router Startup Process
Step 1: Connect and set up the router
a. Referring to the topology diagram, connect the console (or rollover) cable to the console port on the
router and the other cable end to the host computer with a DB-9 or DB-25 adapter to the COM 1 port.
Ensure that power has been applied to both the host computer and router.
b. Establish a HyperTerminal or other terminal emulation program connection to the router.
Step 2: Restart the router and observe the output
a. From the privileged EXEC prompt, issue the reload command. Confirm the reload when prompted.
b. Observe the output as the router restarts.
Output similar to this will be displayed.
POST information:
System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(13r)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 2006 by cisco Systems, Inc.
PLD version 0×10
GIO ASIC version 0×127
c1841 platform with 131072 Kbytes of main memory
Main memory is configured to 64 bit mode with parity disabled
Locating and Loading information:
Readonly ROMMON initialized
program load complete, entry point: 0x8000f000, size: 0xcb80
program load complete, entry point: 0x8000f000, size: 0xcb80
program load complete, entry point: 0x8000f000, size: 0xd4a9a0
Self decompressing the image :
#################################################
#######################################################################
################# [OK]
Smart Init is enabled
smart init is sizing iomem
ID MEMORY_REQ TYPE
0X003AA110 public buffer pools
0X00211000 public particle pools
0X0013 0X00035000 Card in slot 0
0X000021B8 Onboard USB
If any of the above Memory Requirements are
“UNKNOWN”, you may be using an unsupported
configuration or there is a software problem and
system operation may be compromised.
Allocating additional 7692243 bytes to IO Memory.
PMem allocated: 117440512 bytes; IOMem allocated: 16777216 bytes
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software – Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706
Cisco IOS Software, 1841 Software (C1841-IPBASE-M), Version 12.4(1c),
RELEASE SO
FTWARE (fc1)
Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 1986-2005 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 25-Oct-05 17:10 by evmiller
Image text-base: 0x6007ECA0, data-base: 0×61480000
Port Statistics for unclassified packets is not turned on.
Cisco 1841 (revision 7.0) with 114688K/16384K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID FTX1118X0BN
2 FastEthernet interfaces
2 Low-speed serial(sync/async) interfaces
DRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity disabled.
191K bytes of NVRAM.
31360K bytes of ATA CompactFlash (Read/Write)
Step 3: Examine the router startup output
The startup process has three stages:
a. Performing the POST and loading the bootstrap program
Examine the output displayed. Look at the highlighted section in the sample output in this lab that
relates to the POST. Mark any differences between your observed output and this sample.
What are possible reasons for these differences?
OS yang berbeda file, perangkat yang berbeda, dll
What does the POST test in the router?
Hardware
If the POST is successful, what is loaded into RAM?
The bootstrap program
What is the purpose of what is loaded into RAM?
Locate the Cisco IOS and load it into RAM
What would happen if the POST is unsuccessful, and what could this mean?
IOS tidak akan memuat dan router tidak akan berjalan
b. Locating and loading the IOS software
Examine the displayed output. Look at the sample output in this lab that relates to the IOS loading.
Mark any differences between your observed output and this sample.
What are possible reasons for these differences?
OS yang berbeda file, perangkat yang berbeda, dll
What are the three possible locations of the IOS?
Flash memory, TFTP server, lokasi yang ditentukan di file konfigurasi startup (lokasi jaringan)
How is the IOS location to be used specified?
Konfigurasi nilai register
The confreg program is available to decode configuration register values. It can be downloaded from
Academy Connection Tools. From Tools, select the CCNA Curriculum (not CCNA Discovery or CCNA
Exploration), and then select any v3.1 course. Click Cisco Configuration Register Decoder to
download the program.
After it is installed and executed, the program displays the binary and hexadecimal values of the
register that set the different router startup sequences and console communications.
What will be the result if an IOS image cannot be located and loaded?
Modus ROMON dimasukkan
c. Locating and executing the startup configuration file or entering setup mode
Examine the displayed output. Look at the sample output in this lab that relates to the startup
configuration loading. Mark any differences between your observed output and this sample.
What are possible reasons for these differences?
OS yang berbeda file, perangkat yang berbeda, dll.
What is the output if the router does not have a configuration to load?
— System Configuration Dialog —
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]:
What is displayed if a startup configuration is loaded?
User EXEC prompt
Step 4: Clean up
Erase the configurations and reload the router. Disconnect and store the cabling. For PC hosts that are
normally connected to other networks (such as the school LAN or to the Internet), delete the IOS image file from the TFTP directory, reconnect the appropriate cabling, and restore the TCP/IP settings.
Task 2: Reflection / Challenge
Prepare a troubleshooting checklist based on the router startup stages and the hardware and software
features associated with each stage. Format the checklist so that if it is noted that a stage was unsuccessful, the possible problems can be readily identified. For example, for “IOS not loaded” enter “ROMON prompt displayed.” Prepare a second checklist listing possible router faults or problems. For example, “no cooling fan sound,” “LEDs not illuminated or showing unusual behavior,” or “unexpected ROMON prompt displayed.” For each problem listed, enter the stage of the router startup process that failed.
Lab 3.3.2 Determining the Router Hardware Options
Task 1: Inspect a Cisco 1841 ISR
Step 1: Physically inspect the external features of the router
Examine the router. In the table below, identify and match each item number in the figure with the description. In addition, record the number of each interface and port on the router with the description.
Is a module installed in Slot 0? No
How many Fast Ethernet interfaces does the router have?
2
WIC-2T two serial interfaces
Is a module installed in Slot 1?
No
Which of the modules and ports have the potential to be upgraded to improve the router’s
capabilities?
Slot 0 dan Slot 1, flash card slot
Step 2: Use IOS show commands to inspect the router
a. Referring to the topology diagram, connect the console (or rollover) cable to the console port on the
router and the other cable end to the host computer with a DB-9 or DB-25 adapter to the COM 1 port.
Ensure that power has been applied to both the host computer and router.
b. Establish a HyperTerminal or other terminal emulation program connection to the router.
c. From the privileged EXEC mode prompt of the terminal, issue show run and show flash:
commands.
Record the number and type of interfaces. Typical results are shown.
interface FastEthernet 0/0
interface FastEthernet 0/1
interface Serial 0/0/0
interface Serial 0/0/1
interface VLAN1
Record the details of the memory (DRAM, flash) modules.
Flash 32 MB
SDRAM 128 MB
Step 3: Compare the physical and IOS inspections
Are there any differences between the physical and IOS inspections?
No
Observed differences could be due to the IOS having features implemented in the software that do not have the hardware module installed, or loopback interfaces may be configured.
If an installed hardware interface does not appear in the configuration, it may be faulty or may not be correctly installed. In some cases, slots must be filled consecutively; in other cases, certain module types can only be installed into specified slots.
Task 2: Examine 1841 Router Hardware Options
After establishing the current hardware status of the router, examine the technical documentation to
determine the potential for upgrading and growth.
Step 1: Access the Cisco.com documentation
a. Go to the website http://www.cisco.com.
b. In the Quick Links pane on the right, select Documentation.
c. Under Select a category, click Routers. Under Select a product, click the Cisco 1800 Series
Integrated Services Routers link.
d. Review the documentation links displayed.
e. Under Product Literature, click the Data Sheets link. Note the range of data sheet documentation
available.
f. Click Cisco 1800 Series Integrated Services Routers: Cisco 1841 Router (Modular).
Step 2: Record the router hardware information
a. Read through the Cisco 1800 Series Integrated Services Routers: Cisco 1841 Router (Modular)
document, noting the structure and format of the information.
b. From Table 1, Architecture Features and Benefits of Cisco 1841 Router, record the following
information:
The number of different modules and interface cards that are supported: >30
Default memory capacity:
32 MB of flash and 128
MB of synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM)
Cisco IOS versions supported:
12.3T, 12.4, 12.4T
Feature Sets and Beyond
c. From Table 5, Product Specifications of Cisco 1841 Router, locate and record the following
specifications from the Architecture section.
d. From the Table 6, Modules and Interface Cards the Cisco 1841 Router Supports, list the 10
different categories of interface card (WIC) supported by the 1841 platform.
e. From Table 6, what feature does the Advanced Integration Module (AIM) enable to be installed in an
1841 router?
VPN encryption
Step 3: Consider possible hardware options
The 1841 ISR has removable and interchangeable modules. Various optional modules can be installed in the router to provide specific capabilities. These modules are installed either by inserting them into slots on the chassis, or by opening the chassis and plugging them into connectors inside.Flash memory and interface cards fit into slots on the chassis and are installed and removed without opening the chassis.
There are three types of interface cards for the 1800 series modular routers:
- • WAN interface cards (WICs)
- • Voice WAN interface cards (VWICs – in data mode only on the Cisco 1841)
- • High-speed WAN interface cards (HWICs)
The following components plug into connectors inside the chassis and are installed and removed only by
opening the chassis:
- • Advanced Integration Module (AIM)
- • Synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) small-outline dual in-line memory module (SODIMM
Summarize the changes that are possible for this router. This information is important to have and consider when planning and designing the network upgrade.
If the router is not at its limit of these features, candidates for upgrading could include:
Flash memory (if larger IOS required)
SDRAM
Slot 1 Ethernet switch 4-port module
Slot 1 WIC-2T – 2 serial interfaces
Slot 1 Other WAN technology DSL/ISDN
Step 4: Clean up
Erase any configurations and reload the router. Disconnect and store the cabling. For PC hosts that are
normally connected to other networks (such as the school LAN or to the Internet), reconnect the appropriate cabling and restore the TCP/IP settings.
Task 3: Reflection
Network device capabilities are continuously developing. Consider the advantages of a modular platform over that of a device with a fixed hardware platform.
Modularitas memfasilitasi kustomisasi perangkat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan jaringan lokal.
Peningkatan dan penggantian modul mengurangi biaya dan waktu dari layanan.
Perangkat Modular menyediakan desain jaringan yang fleksibel dan scalable.
Peningkatan dan penggantian modul mengurangi biaya dan waktu dari layanan.
Perangkat Modular menyediakan desain jaringan yang fleksibel dan scalable.
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